Today’s guide will teach you all about the accusative case in Russian! If you’re familiar with the Russian Case System, you know that the accusative case is one of six. The main function of the accusative case is to indicate the direct object (i.e. the person or thing, upon which the subject is “acting”) in a sentence, but, as you’ll see below, there are a few other instances when using the accusative case is necessary.
Before we dive into the details, here is a basic example of the effects of the accusative case. Take the word “машина” in Russian (car) – It ends in an “а” so we know that it is a feminine noun. If we have a situation in which “машина” is the direct object, we must use the accusative case. If you look at the endings chart below, you’ll see that feminine nouns that end in “а” change to “у“. So, you can see that change in the following example in which “машина” is the direct object (of the verb хотеть): Я хочу красуную машину. Note how the car’s adjective “красная” also changed endings.
Last updated: 7/24/2023
In addition to gender and quantity, another important thing to keep in mind with the accusative case is that it also distinguishes between animate vs. inanimate objects. This means that the endings will differ between the direct objects acted upon by the accusative case if the object is alive (i.e. people or animals) or not alive (i.e. furniture, plants, etc.).
So, those are the basics of the accusative case. Now, let’s dive in and learn the endings for nouns and adjectives, study the functions of the accusative case (i.e. when we use it), and then wrap it up with some practice!
For information on other Russian cases, check out my guides: Prepositional, Dative, Genitive
Давайте начнём!
Gender + Type | Singular | Plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adj. | Noun | Adj. | Noun | |||
Masculine | Animate | -consonant → –ого -ш, щ → –его |
-consonant → +а -й → –я -ь → –я |
-consonant → –ых -к, г, х, ж, ш, щ, ч → –их |
consonant → –ов ж, ш, щ, ч, ь → –ей -й → –ев |
|
Inanimate | no change (-ый / -ий) |
no change (-consonant / -й / -ь) |
no change (-ые / -ие) |
no change (-ы / -и) |
||
Feminine | Animate | -ая → –ую -яя → –юю |
-а → –у -я → –ю -ь → –ь |
-consonant → –ых -к, г, х, ж, ш, щ, ч → –их |
а, я → drop the last letter* ия → ий ь → ей |
|
Inanimate | (no change) –ые / –ие |
no change (-ы / -и) |
||||
Neuter | no change (-ое / -ее) |
no change (-о / -е / -ие) |
no change (-ые / -ие) |
no change (-ы / -и) |
Nominative | Accusative |
---|---|
Я | Меня |
Ты | Тебя |
Он / Она | Его / Её |
Мы | Нас |
Вы | Вас |
Они | Их |
Masculine, Neuter | Feminine | Plural |
---|---|---|
anim. мой, моё → моего inanim. мой, моё |
моя → мою | anim. мои → моих inanim. мои |
anim. твой, твоё → твоего inanim. твой, твоё |
твоя → твою |
anim. твои → твоих inanim. твои |
anim. наш, наше → нашего inanim. наш, наше |
наша → нашу |
anim. наши → наших inanim. наши |
anim. ваш, ваше → вашего inanim. ваш, ваше |
ваша → вашу | anim. ваши → ваших inanim. ваши |
её and его do not change |
Что? – What?
Кого? – Whom?
Как далеко? – How far?
Сколько миль / километров? – How many miles / kilometers?
Куда? – (To) Where?
+ Prepositions
Verbs of Motion
Verbs of Placement
Other
Как часто? – How often?
Как долго? – How long?
+ Prepositions
Когда? – When?
+ Prepositions
Ско́лько сто́ит? – How much does it cost?
За что́? – For what? Why?
На что́? – For what? On what? (about spending money)
Ско́лько ве́сит? – How much does it weigh?
Во что вы игра́ете? – What are you playing / What do you play?
Comment below any questions you have or write your own examples using the accusative case! Need some more help? Check out these videos that excellently explain how and when to use the accusative case.
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